Fingerprint analysis for Fingerprint authentication system

Fingerprint analysis

Automated fingerprint analyzers typically overlay various fingerprint images to find a match. In actuality, this isn't a particularly practical way to compare fingerprints. Smudging can make two images of the same print look pretty different, so you're rarely going to get a perfect image overlay. Additionally, using the entire fingerprint image in comparative analysis uses a lot of processing power, and it also makes it easier for somebody to steal the print data. Instead, most fingerprint scanner systems compare specific features of the fingerprint, generally known as minutiae minutiae comparison
A fingerprint is made of a series of ridges and furrows on the surface of the finger. The uniqueness of a fingerprint can be determined by the pattern of ridges and furrows as well as the minutiae points. Minutiae points are local ridge characteristics that occur at either a ridge bifurcation or a ridge ending. Typically, human and computer investigators concentrate on points where ridge lines end or where one ridge splits into two (bifurcations). Collectively, these and other distinctive features are sometimes called typica.
The scanner system software uses highly complex algorithms to recognize and analyze these minutiae. The basic idea is to measure the relative positions of minutiae, in the same sort of way you might recognize a part of the sky by the relative positions of stars. A simple way to think of it is to consider the shapes that various minutia form when you draw straight lines between them. If two prints have three ridge endings and two bifurcations, forming the same shape with the same dimensions, there's a high likelihood they're from the same print.
To get a match, the scanner system doesn't have to find the entire pattern of minutiae both in the sample and in the print on record; it simply has to find a sufficient number of minutiae patterns that the two prints have in common. The exact number varies according to the scanner programming.
Fingerprint matching techniques can be placed into two categories: minutiae-based and correlation based. Minutiae-based techniques first find minutiae points and then map their relative placement on the finger. However, there are some difficulties when using this approach. It is difficult to extract the minutiae points accurately when the fingerprint is of low quality. Also this method does not take into account the global pattern of ridges and furrows. The correlation-based method is able to overcome some of the difficulties of the minutiae-based approach. However, it has some of its own shortcomings. Correlation-based techniques require the precise location of a registration point and are affected by image translation and rotation.

Basics of Biometrics

Introduction to Biometrics

Biometrics is automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic. Among the features measured are face, fingerprints, hand geometry, handwriting, iris, retinal, vein, and voice. Biometric technologies are becoming the foundation of an extensive array of highly secure identification and personal verification solutions.As the level of security breaches and transaction fraud increases, the need for highly secure identification and personal verification technologies is becoming apparent. Biometric-based authentication applications include workstation, network, and domain access, single sign-on, application logon, data protection, remote access to resources, transaction security and Web security. Utilized alone or integrated with other technologies such as smart cards, encryption keys and digital signatures, biometrics is set to pervade nearly all aspects of our daily lives.
Utilizing biometrics for personal authentication is becoming convenient and considerably more accurate than current methods (such as the utilization of passwords or PINs). This is because biometrics links the event to a particular individual (a password or token may be used by someone - 9 - other than the authorized user), is convenient (nothing to carry or remember), accurate (it provides for positive authentication) and cost effective.

Google Earth with its amazing New features

Google Earth with New features

Google earth’s latest version (Google earth 5.0)have been unveiled. I have recently downloaded it and installed in my computer and I browsed through it and got amazed by seeing my birth place. It is really amazing to see it from the satellite point.I wonder that the internet technology has evolved to see the entire world from our place. The new features include 3D views, touring (any of the places on earth), Historical imagery and 3D Mars. It is really a Ocean. Some of the places are very close at a distance of order of few feet away. It takes only few seconds to reach a place. For example, I visited the Eiffel tower in Paris, Google campus, Olympic area in Australia and so on. I congrats the team of Google members who contributed the amazing Google earth .

Hobby Projects - Review

Hobby Projects - Review

Most of the engineering enthusiast wish to do mini electronic projects to higher level projects. Projects like Remote controlled devices are more attractive than other type of projects. In particular, Remote controlled Airplanes, helicoptors, boats, watercrafts and tanks are really amazint to do and testing. In search of such projects, I would like to share about bananahobby which is a hobby project website posts project models with relevant tips. The project list includes Remote controlled Airplanes, helicoptors, boats, watercrafts and tanks. The RC model tips are really worth to read before we start to do the model, so that we can avoid waste of money.
This also increase our confindent level of doing further steps in progress of successful project models. They also sale the different RC models at an affordable cost. Though it seems to be an online store, the tips part of the website is really nice to experience with real time models.